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When the operator goes after the variable, it is in “postfix form”: counter++.… The “prefix form” is when the operator goes before the variable: ++counter.… Both of these statements do the same thing: increase counter by 1. Is there any difference?… increments counter and returns the new value, 2.… ++ also increments counter but returns the old value (prior to increment).

not big enough to encode all possible characters, that’s why some rare characters are encoded with 4… 2 ≈ 0x2248 2 𝒳 0x1d4b3 4 𝒴 0x1d4b4 4 😄 0x1f604 4 So characters like a and ≈ occupy 2 bytes… , while codes for 𝒳, 𝒴 and 😄 are longer, they have 4 bytes.… The point is that length treats 4 bytes as two 2-byte characters.… With such flag, a regexp handles 4-byte characters correctly.

Math.ceil Rounds up: 3.1 becomes 4, and -1.1 becomes -1.… Math.round Rounds to the nearest integer: 3.1 becomes 3, 3.6 becomes 4.… In the middle cases 3.5 rounds up to 4, and -3.5 rounds up to -3.… 3 3 3.5 3 4 4 3 3.6 3 4 4 3 -1.1 -2 -1 -1 -1 -1.5 -2 -1 -1 -1 -1.6 -2 -1 -2 -1 These functions… But what if we apply a discount of 30%? In practice, totally evading fractions is rarely possible.

response.json() and other methods, response.body gives full control over the reading process, and we can count… To log the progress, we just need for every received fragment value to add its length to the counter.… Replace steps 4 and 5 with a single line that creates a Blob from all chunks:

The year should have 4 digits.… 2 digits are also accepted and considered 19xx, e.g. 98 is the same as 1998 here, but always using 4… The month count starts with 0 (Jan), up to 11 (Dec).… Months are counted from zero (yes, January is a zero month).… Days of week in getDay() are also counted from zero (that’s Sunday).

Below, makeCounter creates the “counter” function that returns the next number on each invocation:… If we create multiple counters, will they be independent? What’s going on with the variables here?… Environment reference is taken from counter.… [[Environment]]: Now when the code inside counter() looks for count… Here’s the state after the execution: If we call counter() multiple

Then, in upgradeneeded we can compare versions (e.g. old 2, now 4) and run per-version upgrades step… by step, for every intermediate version (2 to 3, then 3 to 4).… …Handle request success/error (4), then we can make other requests if needed, etc.… satisfy the query, usually a range, up to count if given. store.count([query]) – get the total count… Imagine that our inventory has 4 books.

Here we add the counter property to track the total calls count:… A property assigned to a function like sayHi.counter = 0 does not define a local variable counter… In other words, a property counter and a variable let counter are two unrelated things.… For instance, we can rewrite the counter function example from the chapter Variable scope, closure to… Rest parameters are not counted.

varName = "value", and we need to read the variable name from it, that starts at position 4.… the call str.match(/\w+/g) will look for all words in the text, while we need one word at position 4.… We can manually set lastIndex to 4, to start the search from the given position!… We performed a search of \w+, starting from position regexp.lastIndex = 4. The result is correct.… we can see, regexp /\w+/y doesn’t match at position 3 (unlike the flag g), but matches at position 4.

A single run of count does a part of the job (*), and then re-schedules itself (**) if needed: First… run counts: i=1...1000000.… Second run counts: i=1000001..2000000. …and so on.… There’s not much difference in the overall counting time.… () and see that we’ll need to count() more, we schedule that immediately, before doing the job.

For historical reasons, returning a non-empty string also counts… [1] initial readyState:loading [2] readyState:interactive [2] DOMContentLoaded [3] iframe onload [4]… img onload [4] readyState:complete [4] window onload The numbers in square brackets denote the approximate

Middle button (auxiliary) 1 Right button (secondary) 2 X1 button (back) 3 X2 button (forward) 4… In short, document-relative coordinates pageX/Y are counted from the left-upper corner of the document… , and do not change when the page is scrolled, while clientX/Y are counted from the current window left-upper

There may be 2, 3, 4 or more.… below: As you can notice, the curve stretches along the tangential lines 1 → 2 and 3 → 4.… But the same is for 4 points.… The demo for 4 points (points can be moved by a mouse): The algorithm for 4 points: Connect… control points by segments: 1 → 2, 2 → 3, 3 → 4.

by the key. map.clear() – removes everything from the map. map.size – returns the current element count… The same does not count for Object.… the set, otherwise false. set.clear() – removes everything from the set. set.size – is the elements count… A visitor must be “counted” only once.… the set, otherwise false. set.clear() – removes everything from the set. set.size – is the elements count

So, technically, the current element count of a WeakMap is not known.… For instance, we have code that keeps a visit count for users.… The information is stored in a map: a user object is the key and the visit count is the value.… When a user leaves (its object gets garbage collected), we don’t want to store their visit count anymore… Here’s an example of a counting function with Map:

Then 4. That’s a match, so the execution starts from case 4 until the nearest break.

On generator.next(4), the generator resumes, and 4 gets in as the result: let result = 4.… Please note, the outer code does not have to immediately call next(4). It may take time.… The second .next(4) passes 4 back to the generator as the result of the first yield, and resumes the

know, JavaScript strings are based on Unicode: each character is represented by a byte sequence of 1-4… \uXXXX XXXX must be exactly 4 hex digits with the value between 0000 and FFFF, then \uXXXX is the character… Surrogate pairs.All frequently used characters have 2-byte codes (4 hex digits).… dangerous We can’t just split a string at an arbitrary position, e.g. take str.slice(0, 4)

A real ninja will never use i as the counter in a "for" loop. Anywhere, but not here.… An exotic variable as a loop counter is especially cool if the loop body takes 1-2 pages (make it longer… deep inside the loop, they won’t be able to quickly figure out that the variable named x is the loop counter

Behavior: Counter.For instance, here the attribute data-counter adds a behavior: “increase value on click… There can be as many attributes with data-counter as we want.

The engine keep backtracking: it decreases the count of repetition for '.' until the rest of the pattern… The quantifier is in lazy mode, so it finds one digit 4 and tries to check if the rest of the pattern… We have a match 123 4.

Async scripts are great when we integrate an independent third-party script into the page: counters,… And async is used for independent scripts, like counters or ads.

When we run it, there are two if execution branches: If passed args count… implementations usually both keep the function callable normally and return the partial if the arguments count

If the code has anything subtle and counter-intuitive, it’s definitely worth commenting.

Let’s add one more test to check that pow(3, 4) = 81.… sandbox.Usually, beforeEach/afterEach and before/after are used to perform initialization, zero out counters

As there’s no match, the greedy quantifier + decreases the count… The order of combinations will change, but not their total count.… There’s no need to lower the repetitions count in \w+ or to split it into two words \w+\w+ and so on.… We covered two ways how to solve it: Rewrite the regexp to lower the possible combinations count.

In hello.js, click at line number 4. Yes, right on the 4 digit, not on the code. Congratulations!… For instance, this outputs values from 0 to 4 to console:

The HTML Living Standard says: “after five nested timers, the interval is forced to be at least 4 milliseconds… The 4+ ms obligatory delay between invocations comes into play.… setInterval instead of setTimeout: setInterval(f) runs f few times with zero-delay, and afterwards with 4+

To iterate, we use for await(let value of range) (4), namely add “await” after “for”.… For instance, when we need a list of users, a request returns a pre-defined count (e.g. 100 users) –

Uint32Array – treats every 4 bytes as an integer, with possible values from 0 to 4294967295.… ArrayBuffer of 16 bytes can be interpreted as 16 “tiny numbers”, or 8 bigger numbers (2 bytes each), or 4… even bigger (4 bytes each), or 2 floating-point values with high precision (8 bytes each).

As the result is passed along the chain of handlers, we can see a sequence of alert calls: 1 → 2 → 4.… So the output is the same as in the previous example: 1 → 2 → 4, but now with 1 second delay between

For example, to calculate pow(2, 4) the recursive variant does these steps: pow(2, 4) = 2 * pow(2, 3… result of the subcall pow(2, 1), so it also can finish the evaluation of x * pow(x, n - 1), returning 4.… If we put 3-4 nested subloops in the code to traverse a single object, it becomes rather ugly.

When the document scrolled: pageY – document-relative coordinate stayed the same, it’s counted… All window coordinates are counted from the top-left corner, including these ones.

Indents.There are two types of indents: Horizontal indents: 2 or 4 spaces.… A horizontal indentation is made using either 2 or 4 spaces or the horizontal tab symbol (key Tab).

If pos is negative, then it’s counted from the end of the string.… They mean the position is counted from the string end:… The first argument may be negative, to count

It has a few advanced forms, let’s see examples: The exact count: {5} \d{5} denotes exactly 5 digits

Inline variable declaration Here, the “counter

We forever deny access to information about right-clicks for any outer code, including counters that

four characters: left half of 𝒳 (1), right half of 𝒳 (2), left half of 𝒴 (3), right half of 𝒴 (4)

That’s good for functionality that doesn’t depend on anything, like counters, ads, document-level event

E.g. selecting in the same <p> from offset 1 to 4… ends, isCollapsed – true if selection selects nothing (empty range), or doesn’t exist. rangeCount – count

But of course in the result only the first two will be counted, so the result in the code above is 3.

new one to the array: The total count… To be precise, it is actually not the count of values in the array, but the greatest numeric index plus

Here, if the user types in __proto__, the assignment in line 4

There are 4… Bezier curve.The timing function can be set as a Bezier curve with 4 control points that satisfy the

We can clearly see that the outer element finishes initialization (3) before the inner one (4).

For simple patterns it’s doable, but for more complex ones counting parentheses is inconvenient.

Let's assume, that we need to create a collage of 4 photos: we select them, and then click the "Create… Of the 4 images selected, 3 of them were taken from the weak cache, and only one had to be downloaded

there are two important differences: Transitions inside the element, to/from descendants, are not counted

In practice we usually work with 4 of them: document – the “entry point” into DOM. element nodes – HTML-tags